Resolution
Resolution is the number of pixels (detector cells) in horizontal and vertical arrangement (e.g. 640 x 480). As a rule, the higher the number of pixels, the higher the quality of the image obtained. Higher resolution usually means a higher purchase price.
Pitch
Pitch is the size of an individual detector cell (a pixel) in micrometers (e.g. 17 μm or 12 μm). The current state of the art is 12 μ m. A smaller pixel pitch does not necessarily mean a better image. Often, for a similarly good image at 12 μm compared to 17 μm, more elaborate optics are required.
NETD (Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference)
NETD (Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference) is a measure of detector sensitivity. NETD indicates the smallest temperature difference perceived by the sensor and is given in millikelvin (mK). In principle, a lower value is better, but NETD measurements are not standardized. Device performance can only be defined to a limited extent via NETD; the optics concept and the image processing are decisive.
Frame rate
Frame rate in hertz (Hz), or sometimes fps (frames per second), is a criterion for smooth image display during moving observation. Here, higher is better. The current state of the art is 50 Hz.
f-number
f-number (or f-stop) is the ratio of focal length to the effective lens diameter. An f-number around 1.0 is ideal.
Housing
Various aspects are decisive when choosing a material for the housing. Cost-effectiveness, manufacturability and – increasingly important at present – material availability. The properties of modern plastics are no longer inferior to those of traditional materials such as aluminum or magnesium alloys.
a-Si and VOx
a-Si and VOx describe the carrier material of the detector. VOx stands for vanadium oxide, a-Si for amorphous silicon. While a-Si was the preferred material years ago, VOx is now in the lead.
Display
Today’s thermal cameras are equipped with organic LED or AMOLED displays, or LCD or LCoS displays with high resolution. However, display size should always be considered in relation to the sensor’s resolution. Resolution, in conjunction with the optics, determines the performance of the device.
NUC
NUC (Non Uniformity Correction) is the internal calibration of the sensor. It compensates for adverse influences such as the temperature increase of the device/ optics during operation, which can have a negative effect on image quality. This is done either by a mechanical shutter, by image processing algorithms, or simply by covering the lens with a protective cap or by hand.